Multifactor Authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires users to verify their identity using multiple forms of authentication before gaining access to a system, application, or network. Instead of relying solely on a password, MFA adds extra layers of security by combining at least two of the following authentication factors:
- Something You Know - This could be a password, PIN, or a security question.
- Something You Have - A mobile device, security key, or smart card.
- Something You Are - Biometric data such as facial recognition, fingerprints, or retina scans.
MFA is important in helping to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, even if passwords are compromised. It helps protect sensitive data, mitigates phishing and credential-stuffing attacks, and enhances compliance with security regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and CMMC.
It is widely implemented across various industries, including finance, healthcare, government, and cloud services, to protect user accounts and prevent data breaches. Businesses often integrate MFA into login processes for email, remote access, VPNs, and cloud applications.